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This is a partial timeline of Zionism in the modern era, since the start of the 16th century. ==Early modern period== ;1561: Joseph Nasi encourages Jewish settlement in Tiberias, having fled the Spanish Inquisition fourteen years previously in 1547 ;1615: Thomas Brightman's ''Shall they return to Jerusalem again?'' is published posthumously. ;1621: Sir Henry Finch publishes ''The World's Great Restauration, or Calling of the Jews, and with them of all Nations and Kingdoms of the Earth to the Faith of Christ'' ;1649: Ebenezer and Joanna Cartwright dispatch a petition to the British Government calling for the ban on Jews settling in England to be lifted and for assistance to be provided to enable them to be repatriated to Palestine. ;1670: Baruch Spinoza's ''Theologico-Political Treatise'' is the first work to consider the Jewish Question in Europe ;1700: Judah he-Hasid leads some 1,500 Jewish immigrants to the Land of Israel and settles in Jerusalem. Three days after the group's arrival their leader dies (on October 17, 1700). In 1720 their synagogue was burned down and all Ashkenazi Jews were banned by the Ottomans. ;1771: Joseph Eyre publishes a scholarly essay entitled ''Observations Upon The Prophecies Relating To The Restoration Of The Jews'' ;1777: Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk along with a large group of followers emigrates and settles in Safed. In 1783 they were forced out of Safed, and moved to Tiberias. ;1794: Richard Brothers, a millenarianist, Christian restorationist, a false prophet and the founder of British Israelism, writes ''A revealed knowledge of the prophecies & times'', predicting the return of the Jews to Jerusalem in 1798 where they will be converted to Christianity. ;1805: Foundation of the Palestine Association, stating amongst other goals that "we hope to establish relative to the history, the manners, and the country of the Jewish nation" ;1808: The first group of Perushim, influenced by the teachings of the Vilna Gaon, leaves Shklov and after a 15-month journey settles in Jerusalem and Safed. ;1809: Foundation of the The London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews ;1811: François-René de Chateaubriand, the founder of Romanticism in French literature, published ''Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem'', in which he wrote of the Jews of Jerusalem as "rightful masters of Judea living as slaves and strangers in their own country"〔(Intinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem ), F.A. de Chateaubriand, p245 (), also (English translation ), quote: "To see the Jews scattered over the whole world, according to the word of God, must doubtless excite surprise. But to be struck with supernatural astonishment you must view them at Jerusalem; you must behold these rightful masters of Judea living as slaves and strangers in their own country; you must behold them expecting, under all oppressions, a king who is to deliver them. Crushed by the cross that condemns them, skulking near the temple, of which not one stone is left upon another, they continue in their deplorable infatuation. The Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, are swept from the earth; and a petty tribe, whose origin preceded that of those great nations, still exists unmixed among the ruins of its native land.".〕 ;1815: English poet Lord Byron publishes his Hebrew Melodies. The poem does not refer to a return to Palestine, but is one of the first literary works of Jewish nationalism. ;1819: Wissenschaft des Judentums ("Jewish Studies") began to build a secular Jewish identity in the German Confederation ;1827: John Nelson Darby's Plymouth Brethren is founded to propagate the Christian eschatological movement of dispensationalism, which teaches that God looks upon Jews as the chosen people (rejecting supersessionism), and that the nation of Israel will be born again and brought to realize they crucified their Messiah at his second coming ;1821–30: The Greek War of Independence legitimized the concept of small ethnically-based nation-states among other subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of Zionism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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